ObjectiveTo ensure all relevant staff understand when and how to conduct Root Cause Analysis (RCA) for internal non-conformances, in line with retailer expectations and BRCGS Global Standard for Food Safety Issue 9.
What is a Non-Conformance?
A non-conformance is any deviation from expected standards or procedures. Examples include:Production errors
Hygiene or housekeeping failures
Deviations identified during internal audits
Customer complaints
Out-of-spec product

Why Root Cause Analysis?
BRCGS Issue 9 requires root cause investigation for significant or repeated issues to prevent recurrence.
It’s not just about fixing the symptom—it’s about solving the underlying problem.
When is RCA Required?
RCA should be conducted when a non-conformance is:Repeated
High-risk
Linked to product safety, legality, or quality
Found during audits or complaints
Note: Minor, one-off issues may not need a full RCA, but they must still be addressed.
How to Do a Root Cause Analysis1. The 5 Whys
Keep asking “Why?” until the true cause is found.
Example:
Non-conformance: Wrong label appliedWhy? – Operator used the wrong roll
Why? – The rolls weren’t clearly labelled
Why? – No visual check process in place
Why? – SOP doesn’t cover label roll verification
Why? – Training hadn’t been updated with new procedure
Why? –  Continue exploring until the root is identified, corrected, communicated and correction implemented. 
2. Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa)
Explore possible causes using categories like:People
Procedures
Equipment
Materials
Environment
Management

What to RecordNon-conformance description
Immediate containment action
Root cause
Corrective action
Preventive action
Responsibility and deadline
Verification of effectiveness
Key TakeawaysRCA helps prevent recurrence and supports continuous improvement
Document everything using your company’s RCA template
Ensure actions are owned, tracked, and verified Get in touch:Food Safety Consulting Ltd